Blog Layout

Reading Robert Aickman…

Dec 02, 2019

Tartarus Press has printed a limited edition of Robert Aickman ‘s complete works in ten volumes. I have been reading this author–known as “Britain’s best-kept secret” in short story literature–for close to a month. His prose is among the best that I have ever read. He is extra-genre, sur-genre, making “horror” a poor descriptor of his work. (It would be like calling Lolita a crime novel because it tells the story of a child molester evading justice.)

His work affects you in ways that few authors can. Devoid of short-hands or euphemisms which do crop up even with the best writers, Aickman is brave to go to places that may seem at first irrelevant, even trivial to his story, when he’s seeding pertinence coming to full bloom sometime after you’ve finished reading him.

I am very happy to say that I now own Aickman’s complete fictional works, published by award-winning Tartarus Press in North Yorkshire in the U.K. and run by Raymond Russell and Rosalie Parker. Special thanks to Raymond who was very generous and personable, throughout.

Below, is a 2015 article from The Guardian by which I discovered Robert Aickman–by accident, surfing the web whilst researching Susan Hill that other, great author. I believe it the best, pithy introduction for those whom have never read him. Very, very grateful to have discovered this worthy author, one who took the ghost story and gave it a post-modern shine, with loose ends in the story-telling, where insignificant details add up to something very moving if unsettling, allowing for many varied readings that each of his tales provide.

by Chris Power for The Guardian , 12 Jan 2015.

The lending history of my  ex-library copy of The Attempted Rescue , one of two volumes of autobiography produced by the British horror writer Robert Aickman, tells a story of declining interest spanning 60 years. The book was checked out 13 times between 1966 and 1970, but just once in 1971, and once again in ‘72. After that it was ignored until 1981, the year of its author’s death, then ignored again for a further 22 years. As in Aickman’s own work, the dates tell their story by implication. Ultimately, it is up to us to discern the meaning that lies in the blank spaces between each blurred stamp.

After his death (from cancer, which he elected to treat homoeopathically), Aickman’s books were largely neglected. Like one of the abandoned houses or secluded dells of his fiction, they became places rarely visited, lying far from the thoroughfares of mainstream popularity. In recent years  more attention has been paid to him , and much of his work has been reprinted, but aficionados must have found it hard to resist the selfish wish that he stay mostly forgotten: so many of his stories hinge on characters straying into, or being unwittingly drawn towards, mysterious spaces beyond everyday reality, that obscurity has suited him very well.

 “I could not recall that the map had showed a wood”, runs a typical Aickman line, this one from The Inner Room (1966). In The Stains (1980), a man watches his lover hurry off across a moor “into what the map depicted as virtual void”. In The Trains (1951), two hikers who lose their way in a dreary, apparently inescapable valley repeatedly pin down their map with stones to stop the wind snatching it away. Each time they move on, Aickman is careful to mention that they leave behind them “four grey stones at the corners of nothing”. The image – the placement of the stones clearly deliberate, but their exact purpose mysterious – is an apt metaphor for his enigmatic storytelling.

Aickman wrote ghost stories, but only a handful can be considered traditional examples of the form. In their commitment to ambiguity, and the active yet at times inscrutable psychologies of their characters, Aickman’s stories have more in common with modernist writers than with an  Edwardian like MR James. Their cryptic, occluded character place them in the lineage of Henry James’s The Turn of the Screw and the later ghost stories of Kipling, They and The Wish House.

Aickman preferred to describe his own work as “strange stories”, maintaining that “the horror story is purely sadistic; it depends entirely upon power to shock”. In fact he could be concertedly nasty,  as in The Cicerones  (1968), a memorable case of being in the wrong place (a Flemish cathedral) at the wrong time (elevenish). But in his very best stories, and perhaps in the most powerful ghost stories generally, the phenomena we encounter have as much to do with the characters’ internal conflicts as with any external presence. As Peter Straub wrote in 1988,

“After the shock of the sheer strangeness fades away, we begin to see how the facts of the stories appear to grow out of the protagonists’ fears and desires, and how the illogic and terror surrounding them is their own, far more accurately and disturbingly than in any conventional horror story. The Trains is a perfect story of this type, and The Inner Room is even better, one of Aickman’s most startling and beautiful demonstrations of the power over us of what we do not quite grasp about ourselves and our lives.”

This psychological depth explains why one of the chief pleasures of reading Aickman lies in determining which details are significant, and how they fit together. Take this passage from Bind Your Hair (1964), where a young woman wakes up depressed on a visit to her fiancé’s parents in the countryside:

“Then she got up, turned on the big electric heater, and felt that her thoughts had been the morbid produce of lying too long abed. Moreover, the flying swathes of fog were most beautiful. She stood in her nightdress by the window looking at them; with the heater behind her sending ripples of warmth up her back. It was an old sash window with the original well-proportioned glazing bars. The new white paint covered numerous under-currents in the surface of the earlier coats. Clarinda liked such details in the house; always kept neat and spruce, like an old dandy whom people still cared about.”

The new white paint, a whitewash covering those “under-currents”, is an image of psychological repression, suggesting a crisis in Clarinda between the conformity of marriage, and a desire to escape suffocating convention. It also suggests, as later events in the story make apparent, the wild paganism that exists covertly beneath the prim respectability of the village. Now the “well-proportioned glazing bars” of the window, the “neat and spruce” house, imply both an efficient, not-unpleasant prison for Clarinda, and a defence for her fiancé’s family, while the “flying swathes of fog” signal the allure of the uncharted unknown. The passage is a key with which to unlock at least part of the story, but Aickman dispenses almost entirely with the scaffold of exposition. To an unusual extent for stories of this kind, it is left to the reader to do, or not do, the interpretive labour.

Even in those instances where clues are waiting to be discovered, Aickman nearly always refuses to provide a neat conclusion. When he does, as in The Waiting Room (1964) and The Wine-Dark Sea (1966), the results are disappointing. “In the end”, reads the epigraph to his 1975 collection, Cold Hand in Mine, “it is the mystery that lasts and not the explanation”, and in extreme cases like The Next Glade (1980), with its strange blend of sexual tension, bereavement and personal awakening, or The View (1951), where a man recovering from a breakdown falls in love with a mysterious woman (a recurring theme), the total effect is only more powerful for the story being, to some degree, impenetrable. Yet he arrives at strangeness patiently, his stories often running to 30 pages or more. This gives him the space he needs to build a vivid environment for the reader to inhabit before things begin to warp into more disturbing perspectives. As Richard T Kelly describes, Aickman’s “construction of sentences and of narrative is patient and finical. He seems always to proceed from a rather grey-toned realism where detail accumulates without fuss, and the recognisable material world appears wholly four-square”.

This is of a piece with Aickman’s belief that “[i]n the right hands, ghosts can stand a surprising amount of clear, strong light”: in fact some of the most troubling scenes in his fiction – a naked man peering silently over a wall, a woman ascending stairs, her face turned to the wall – occur in daylight. It is the graspable reality of the details he notes that make individual scenes so uncanny, and – an impressive trick, this – he only increases our unease by working hard to pull us away from the typically supernatural. Consider this passage from the nakedly Freudian story The Swords (1969), in which a travelling salesman, in a tent at a shabby fair, watches men paying to stab a woman on a rickety stage. Brilliantly, Aickman both undercuts and intensifies the weirdness of the scene by describing the mundane particulars of the swords themselves:

“There was nothing gleaming about them, and nothing decorative. The blades were a dull grey, and the hilts were made of some black stuff, possible even plastic. They looked thoroughly mass-produced and industrial, and I could not think where they might have been got.”

And in The Stains, when the protagonist walks into an abandoned cottage that we, by this stage of the story, have every reason to suspect is enchanted, Aickman wrong-foots us with the mundanity of the decoration: “Much of this furniture, Stephen thought, was of the kind offered by the furnishing department of a good Co-op”.

This unexpectedness of tone lurks around every corner of The Hospice (1975), an extraordinary story where  Kafka and Fawlty Towers collide  (I’m sure Magnus Mills must have read it, if not all of Aickman’s work), and which might or might not be an account of one man’s passage from life into death. It also characterises the solemn Into the Wood (1980), about a sanatorium for insomniacs located in a maze-like forest. Reading these stories, both of which carry echoes of The Magic Mountain (in his correspondence Aickman cited Thomas Mann as an influence), we are primed for a horrific conclusion that never arrives, or at least not in the way we expect. Instead, both stories attain a deeper, more profound oddness.

Aickman wrote that there are “only about 30 or 40 first-class ghost stories in the whole of western literature”. His very best, such as The Hospice, The View, Into the Wood and The Stains – which, despite its share of frightening incident, is more lastingly and hauntingly an account of grief – swell this number, and extend the possibilities of the genre. “It’s impossible to get lost in these woods”, one of his characters states of her small corner of Surrey; but she does get lost, of course, albeit in an entirely unconventional way. And with Aickman as our reticent guide we can follow her, if we choose to.

By Chaz Mena 21 May, 2021
Trumbull's "Declaration of Independence," Oil on Canvas, 12' X 18'
By Chaz Mena 15 Mar, 2021
Interviewed by Chaz Mena 15 March, 2021 Celia, you've been a poet for a while, published in many literary journals around the country. You're a mother of two beautiful little girls, the editor of Prospectus: A Literary Offering. You’re keeping house with your husband, Rafael Montes , a renowned professor at St. Thomas University. HOW DO YOU DO IT? I don’t! I haven’t done the laundry in over a month! It seems like I do because I’m very good at assessing and prioritizing. I figure out what the most important thing that needs to get done now is, and I do it until it’s done. The bad part of that attitude is that I let things that are not priority no. 1 fall away, like the laundry, for example. But often it’s more serious things, like my writing and my constant battle with mommy guilt. But I’m a workaholic. It’s what I’m best at. Is Multiverses your first book-length collection? How did Finishing Line Press come across your manuscript? Was yours an unsolicited submission, or had they contacted you? Tell us. Yes, I had two chapbooks before Multiverses , my first full-length collection. I was looking for places to send it to when I came across the fact that Finishing Line was now publishing full-length collections. That was not the case when The Stones came out. Of course I sent it to them, and they accepted it right away. The genesis of Multiverses is clear to your reader. Would you feel comfortable describing to us that moment when you decided - if it was a conscious choice at all! - to have it become book-length? Were you planning an arc or a structure from the beginning? I knew I had a lot to say, and that it had a narrative arc, but I wasn’t thinking about length as I wrote. I wrote until I finished saying what I wanted to say, and then I looked at the page count and realized I had gone beyond chapbook length. At that point I was surprised because it’s very hard for me to write things that go well together, which is what you look for when you’re trying to write a full-length collection. My writing is all over the place, so it’s hard for me to publish more than individual poems in journals. I'm struck by the many epic conventions implemented: beginning in the middle, a tribute to ancestors, a type of arming for battle as you and Rafael prepare for the infant's arrival, the inciting loss as the gods turned their backs to you, the subsequent katabasis (descent into the Underworld) wherein long-passed relatives file in, rehearsing family memories helping you in your trials, etc. Think of it as a mini-epic. The events were epic to me, and I wrote them so. I still don’t believe it’s possible to capture in words the loss of a child. The gut-wrenching, universe-shaking, time-bending nature of seeing such a tiny, innocent creature suffer so much only to die in such a horrific way as my son did. It can’t be spoken of, only remembered. That’s the epicenter of the book, and from there sprout other losses and memories so that it seems like there’s a sort of temporal journey taking place. The past is haunted by the present—the glossy photographs and memories of parents and grandparents when they were young and full of vigor that you know now went nowhere. Our parents’ immigrant generation was epic. I still remember when they used to talk about getting back to their Ithaca, Cuba. They never made it. What was to be a temporary home became their last resting place. If there is no pathos in that, I don’t know where there is. Thinking about it makes me cringe. When I lost my son, I became unhinged. I had to remake someone new from scratch. The materials I had at hand were memory and desire. The memories grounded me while the desire to erase that one event in my life and make everything okay again sent me flying apart. Multiverses comprises pieces that don’t fit. They are shards of a broken mirror that can’t be glued back together no matter how hard you try. Pieces are lost, shattered irretrievably . From there comes the sense of an epic quest at hand, a quest to rebuild my psyche, perhaps. But it’s a failed quest that’s resolved only in fantasy. Let's talk about the verse. The meter is dactyl in the beginning, fitting for a lament, as it begins with a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed: a sudden lashing out, followed by a limping recovery. The narrator's voice is tripped up as if wounded, hobbling. It's very evocative and draws great sympathy from your reader. Later, the voice changes and more disparate tones (meters) play out. You also change lengths - even using alexandrines! Was this planned? Yes and no. I was very interested in preserving the breath of the words, of writing as if I were speaking directly. When I noticed there was a certain pattern or the possibility for a certain pattern—the dactyl and the alexandrine, as you point out, the trochee, too—I chose to follow that pattern as long as it didn’t result in violating my idea of the breath. I didn’t feel that this subject fit with too much structure; the whole point of the book is that “Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; / Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.” That doesn’t jive well with neat little patterns, so I let anarchy reign when it should. There is one sonnet, but it’s a nonce sonnet. The word and/or concept of "illusion" in English and its translation into Spanish crop up. Illusion connotes a mirage or a quixotic striving for something not there, misinterpreted. But in Spanish, ' ilusión’ evokes hoping for a hidden desire, cherished and kept secret - a furtive wish for something beyond your means, perhaps. Is this a thread worth examining in this work? Definitely. In the English sense, illusion has somewhat of a negative connotation, a foolish belief that often occludes the truth. In that sense, all the narratives that take place in parallel universes, with the last poem especially, are illusions, frustrations of the mind that cannot accept the truth. You and a few other readers have mentioned that I give equal weight to the parallel universes as I do to the one we really inhabit. I meant to do that. I wanted the stories of the parallel universes to seem just as truthful as the truth. It was very satisfying emotionally, which is where the Spanish notion of ilusión comes in. I had ilusiones for my family that were broken. In the Spanish sense, there are a lot more pathos involved. I tried not to give in to that pathos (though I’m sure I failed a couple of times) because it would break the illusion in the English sense. The emotional charge of the real narrative would set it apart from the parallel narratives, and I did not want this to be a memoir plus fantasies (though I have used that word to describe the parallel narratives). I wanted to give credence to the multiverse theory by keeping the reader in a constant state of flux. OK, 'multiverses': one of the most satisfying aspects of this work is how you play out its conceit of alternate existence (s) with such detail. You give integrity and specificity to every life played out in alternate universes. Nothing is derivative, and all possibilities are legitimate. May you speak to that? This question is connected to your previous one. Had I made any of the parallel narratives anything less than hyper-realistic, the project would have fallen apart. It would have become a regular narrative, musing on different fantastical possibilities. So I tried very hard to keep to that notion that a butterfly flaps its wings halfway around the world and it can change everything. I think I achieved this mostly in the sequence of poems after they discharge my father from the hospital “healthy.” I have often berated myself for not having reacted to that situation differently—to have demanded a diagnosis for his collapse, to have been able to take him to a cardiologist or even to a witch doctor if necessary instead of having waited a month to watch him die. Could his death have been avoided by calling the social worker at the hospital and demanding he not be discharged so abruptly? By a phone call? I allowed myself to explore these possibilities in poems that are near identical, yet wholly different. The only poem in which I let the curtain part to reveal the wizard is the last poem which is so obviously a fantasy of closure impossible to achieve in the actual memoir. You've begun reading parts of the poem to audiences (online, for now); what has been the response so far? Mixed. Some people have commented that the poems moved them. My favorite comment I have received is from a woman who said she felt “met.” She is a caretaker and could relate to the poems where my father loses his mind. No one has accused me of being aloof, but the implication of some comments (such as “you are very brave to be able to write about these things so unflinchingly”) is that I perhaps don’t feel the weight of the emotions that’s because of the events I narrate. I think it might be difficult for some readers to realize the almost clinical detachment I had to create in order to write about this. I wanted the truth to be spoken, recorded, not glossed over in any way. To think of it cinematically, I wanted the camera to pan in and focus on the hardest events. Why I wanted that is difficult to explain. I think it has something to do with the way we grieve in this culture, how we are expected to show our strength by moving past disaster as quickly as possible. Like the old Nike slogan, “Acknowledge, move on.” That can be very helpful in minor situations, but I think catastrophic events are more suited to the mourning we used to do—covering mirrors, stopping clocks, wearing black for a full year. It was an acknowledgement that something horrible had happened. In Multiverses I don’t hesitate in including even the most gruesome details, because they happened, and I wanted them to be acknowledged. The narrator is so Miamian - Cuban. You bring in place names and ethnic food, contextualizing the poem so specifically. How did that help you tell this story (ies)? Multiverses was the first time I didn’t write with a white American audience in mind. I was writing these poems for myself, so I didn’t feel the need to explain baffling details such as my parents living with us, or to smatter the poems with Spanish words and then translate them. I did that only once, I think, when I called my father ‘un vividor’ and I couldn’t find the right word in English to express the same idea. Otherwise, I just wrote in English words that were spoken in Spanish. When my father, for example, confuses the words plane and bird, he is confusing avión and pájaro. But what would have been the point of emphasizing that? I wasn’t writing about being Cuban, I was writing about being human. So the references of my life just worked themselves into the book. I felt the Cuban influence more strongly when writing about my granduncle Arturito, who to the day he died loved tangos and reminisced about being young, which meant being in Cuba. Incorporating those details helped me pin him down as an individual, and not just some generic grandfather figure. What's next Celia, what are you working on between making meals, going through scores of submissions for Prospectus , and being interviewed? Has quarantining hindered or helped your writing? I hate to say it, but the pandemic has really helped my writing! I wrote the entirety of Multiverses at the beginning of the pandemic. I also started sending some older poems out again, and so far have found eight of them new homes. Now what I’m doing is assessing. I took a long hiatus from writing (four years) while I was teaching high school, so I’m reacquainting myself with my work and trying to see what’s there that has potential. I have a bunch of really good pop-culture poems, but that has so been done already (and by better poets than I) that I don’t know whether pursuing that theme is worth the time. I think I might just want to write all new poems, like I did with Multiverses . It was very liberating, not having to write to a “theme.” The problem is running Prospectus , which is time-consuming. I might just have to concentrate on being an editor for a little while. PREORDER SHIPS MAY 7, 2021 Multiverses by Celia Lisset Alvarez $19.99, Full-length, paper RESERVE YOUR COPY TODAY Celia Lisset Alvarez , born in Spain to Cuban parents fleeing Fidel Castro’s regime, immigrated to Miami in 1974, where she has been living since. She received an MFA in Creative Writing from the University of Miami, and proceeded to publish two chapbooks of poetry, Shapeshifting (Spire Press, 2006) and The Stones (Finishing Line Press, 2006). Her stories and poems have appeared in numerous journals and anthologies. Multiverses (Finishing Line Press, 2021) is her first full-length collection. She is currently the editor of Prospectus: A Literary Offering , and lives with her husband Rafael, daughters Lucy and Sara, and her mother, Sonia.
By Chaz Mena 30 Mar, 2020
All that made me split hairs in argument in debates over which end of the egg should be cracked, are muted by days which run out of purpose, blanketed over by a mimed virus. A dumb show. 'Scrambled or fried?' to my daughter who plays with a doll that has an eye missing. Another is armless for which we compensate. We hug her over and over. We join hands behind each other’s backs and keep at bay the dusk of reason and the dawn's caprice. I know that we have been here before, plagued by suspicion held close to our bosoms, cards kept close to our wheezing chests, a two-card draw where bets are sheared and yawned. We are at a littoral standstill, bereft of people whom would wade in slow moving tides - the marsh behind, the dunes' rise. ‘Taking your shawl?’ I ask my wife and she submits for once, itself an event. Whips it over her shoulders, evoked Iberian mothers who at Finisterre looked out at anarchy, an unkind ocean and waited for their lost men, though foretold of their deaths. Augured. Sure. We pack lunches and eat on marmalade porches, pour olive oil over salted bread. We eat in silence. We keep to ourselves in temps de peste , a virus which sends word ahead but comes and waits on the landing. We hide inside and not answer the door. Seclude. Have I forgot our deca millennium-old marches? Exoduses up a levant that skirted untread beaches sylvan sands where predecessors drew in deep breaths, filled their neolithic lungs with trekked salt spray our short-lived friends risked all as if called forward, as if summoned up from richer game and recorded sandprints that veered into being 'forever-ago.' I'll listen to them. They will call me and I'll answer.
By Chaz Mena 10 Oct, 2019
…an impulse after all these years.
By Chaz Mena 09 Sep, 2019
El cannabis medicinal y las vivencias en Puerto Rico luego de los estragos del huracán María en 2017, sirvieron de base para la nueva película del director boricua Bruno Irizarry, titulada Yerba Buena y protagonizada por Karla Monroig. El filme, […]
By Chaz Mena 18 Aug, 2019
Diccionario Del Pensamiento Martiano by Ramiro Gallaraga, (Ciencias Sociales, Havana, 2002). Out of Print, alas. Galarraga’s seminal work (in Spanish) is an indispensable reference for all Martí readers and the result of thousands of hours of painstaking work, combing through […]
By Chaz Mena 12 Jul, 2019
CLICK HERE TO LISTEN: In this bonus episode there’s a chance to hear Franklin D Roosevelt’s speech after Pearl Harbour as performed by American actor Chaz Mena. Legendary broadcaster Ed Murrow and World at War narrator Laurence Olivier also get […]
By Chaz Mena 12 Jul, 2019
On a bicycle—and they rarely lie—down Martin Drove End it seemed as if the Wiltshire Hills winked as I rode past. Cradled w/in grassland waves the lambs bleated me into Blake’s epigraph: “Dost thou know who made thee …?” etc. […]
By Chaz Mena 29 Apr, 2019
A drawer you left open invited dead parents to visit demanding that you tidy up. Or it may be a promise unfulfilled or maybe the clue to a crime, or a prompt to mend your ways and reform. Suddenly, you […]
By Chaz Mena 09 Apr, 2019
Very proud of this new, independent film that I had a supporting role in. The latest from the award-winning film-making, dynamic duo Carlos Rafael Betancourt & Orlando Ortega, El Central Producciones ! …Watch “EL ULTIMO BALSERO/THE LAST RAFTER_Teaser”
More Posts
Share by: